Publications (Technical Reports)

This document is to serve as a background resource for the array of interactions that X-ray, gamma and neutron radiation may have with a munition system during the course of a non-destructive examination.  The discussion of X-rays and gamma rays (energetic photons) is li

NATO Explosives Safety and Munitions Risk Management (ESMRM) policy prescribes a risk analysis when Quantity Distances (QD) cannot be met.

This report aims to review the traditional processes for the manufacture of explosives and propellants. Depending on the binder percentage, explosives can be pressed, extruded or casted. On the other hand, propellants can only be extruded or casted.

For trinitrotoluene (TNT) and explosive formulations containing TNT (e.g. Composition B), TNT exudation in projectiles, bombs, and rockets has been a recurring problem since the early 1920s.

An Insensitive Munition (IM) signature is determined by the munition response to various operational and peace time threats.

The qualification process of energetic materials (EM) is a mandatory step in the development and production of energetic materials for military use.

When dealing with energetic materials, TNT equivalency is commonly used for different purposes. For scientific purposes, it is a means to compare the explosive effects delivered by different energetic compositions, by expressing them in terms of an equivalent TNT detonation.

This document describes the results of an international historical review of artillery projectile premature explosions. The purpose of this review is to document artillery gun launch incidents that were potentially caused by projectile explosive fill issues.

Blast effects are part of the performance characteristics of explosive materials, usually in comparison with reference explosives like TNT. Especially for sub-detonative events, blast effects are hardly predictable without complex numerical simulations.